Appendix: Survey (Research Questions)

The following questions were used to survey self-identified Deaf and d/disabled artists and artists with disabilities in BC for the Axis research project and final report. They are shared here for two reasons: as a reference for anyone curious about the methodology, and as a reusable template for researchers who want to build on this work. The questions were originally provided at accessiblesurveys.com, google forms, via plain text or Microsoft Word and in audio.

The survey questions below are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence. You are welcome to adapt, remix, or reproduce it for your own research, provided you credit Kay Slater and grunt gallery and share any adaptations under the same terms.

If you’d like to take the survey and submit your responses to Kay Slater, the survey is still live on Google forms. The final report will not be altered by any unsolicited and unverified submission after publication, but any responses will go towards Slater’s continued work at the intersection of ai x access and art.

Section 1: Understanding AI

Goal: Establish what participants think AI is and identify their awareness of AI integration in existing tools

Q1. In your own words, what is AI (Artificial Intelligence)?

Text field:

Q2. Which of the following do you consider to be AI? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedChatGPT, Claude, or similar text generators
  • uncheckedVoice assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)
  • uncheckedAuto-captions on Zoom/Teams/Google Meet
  • uncheckedOtter.ai or similar transcription services
  • uncheckedPredictive text on your phone
  • uncheckedSpam filters in your email
  • uncheckedNetflix/Spotify recommendations
  • uncheckedGoogle Maps route suggestions
  • uncheckedAutocorrect and grammar checkers (Grammarly, Word)
  • uncheckedPhoto editing “enhance” or “magic” features
  • uncheckedScreen readers
  • uncheckedVoice-to-text dictation
  • uncheckedText-to-speech apps
  • uncheckedFacial recognition for unlocking phones
  • uncheckedSmart home devices (thermostats, lights)
  • uncheckedSocial media content algorithms
  • uncheckedImage generators (Midjourney, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion)
  • uncheckedAutomatic alt text 
  • uncheckedLanguage translation apps
  • uncheckedMedical diagnostic tools
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]
  • uncheckedI’m not sure

Text field:

Q3. Before this survey, were you aware that some of the tools you checked above use AI?

  • uncheckedYes, I was aware for all of them
  • uncheckedYes, I was aware for some of them
  • uncheckedNo, I wasn’t aware
  • I’m still not sure

Section 2: Your Use of AI Tools

Goal: Document actual usage patterns without judgment

Q4. Do you currently use any AI-powered tools in your creative practice or daily life?

  • uncheckedYes, regularly
  • uncheckedYes, occasionally
  • uncheckedI have tried them but stopped
  • uncheckedNo, I haven’t used any
  • uncheckedI’m not sure if what I use counts as AI

Q5. If you use AI tools, which ones? What do you use them for? [Open text field – encouraged to share specific examples]

Q6. Are there AI tools you use specifically because they provide access that you cannot get (or cannot easily get) from human services?

  • uncheckedYes → Please describe: [text field]
  • uncheckedNo
  • uncheckedI’m not sure

Text field:

Q7. If you answered yes above: Why do you turn to AI tools instead of (or in addition to) human services? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedHuman services are too expensive
  • uncheckedHuman services aren’t available when I need them
  • uncheckedHuman services aren’t available in my location
  • uncheckedWait times for human services are too long
  • uncheckedAI tools give me more independence/privacy
  • uncheckedAI tools are faster for my needs
  • uncheckedAI tools are “good enough” even if not perfect
  • uncheckedI prefer AI for some tasks and humans for others
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Section 3: Access, Quality, and Limitations

Goal: Understand the gap between what AI provides and what’s actually needed

Q8. When you use AI tools for accessibility, how would you rate their quality compared to human-provided services?

  • uncheckedBetter than human services
  • uncheckedAbout the same as human services
  • uncheckedWorse than human services, but still useful
  • uncheckedWorse than human services and not really useful
  • uncheckedI don’t use AI tools for accessibility
  • uncheckedI can’t compare because I don’t have access to human services
  • uncheckedVaries from tool to tool [text field]

Text field: (if you’d like to share based on specific tools)

Q9. Has AI provided you with access that humans have not been able or willing to provide?

Text field:

Q10. What are the limitations or failures you’ve experienced with AI tools?

Text field:

Q11. This question is about human support workers (captioners, interpreters, transcribers, personal support workers, etc.): Complete this sentence: “When it comes to access support, humans are…”

Text field: (this is intentionally open to capture both positive and negative experiences)

Section 4: Concerns and Risks

Goal: Document worries without leading toward specific answers

Q12. What concerns, fears, or worries do you have about AI? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedPrivacy and data collection
  • uncheckedLack of regulation in Canada
  • uncheckedEnvironmental impact (energy use, water consumption)
  • uncheckedAccuracy and reliability of AI outputs
  • uncheckedBias in AI systems (racist, ableist, sexist, etc.)
  • uncheckedJob loss for human workers
  • uncheckedOrganizations using AI as excuse to cut funding for human services
  • uncheckedLosing skills or becoming too dependent on AI
  • uncheckedNot understanding how AI works or what it’s doing with my data
  • uncheckedAI-generated content flooding creative industries
  • uncheckedCopyright and intellectual property issues
  • uncheckedInaccessibility of AI tools themselves
  • uncheckedCost of AI tools
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]
  • uncheckedI don’t have concerns about AI

Text field:

Q13. What’s your biggest worry about AI in relation to disability access specifically?

Text field:

Q14. Have you ever NOT used an AI tool because of privacy, ethical, or other concerns?

  • uncheckedYes → Please explain: [text field]
  • uncheckedNo
  • uncheckedI wanted to but didn’t know how to avoid it

Text field:

Section 5: Agency and Decision-Making

Goal: Understand who’s making choices about AI use

Q15. When AI tools are used in spaces you participate in (meetings, events, services), do you usually have a choice about whether AI is used?

  • uncheckedYes, I’m always asked/given choice
  • uncheckedSometimes I’m asked/given choice
  • uncheckedRarely or never asked/given choice
  • uncheckedI don’t know if AI is being used
  • uncheckedNot applicable

Q16. Who do you think should be making decisions about when and how AI is used for disability access? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedDisabled people ourselves
  • uncheckedDisability community organizations
  • uncheckedGovernment agencies
  • uncheckedTech companies
  • uncheckedArts organizations/venues
  • uncheckedHealthcare providers
  • uncheckedEducators
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Q17a. If you could design how AI should be used (or not used) by arts organizations and venues to support access, what would that look like?

Text field:

Q17b. As an artist working in your medium, where could AI be helpful in your practice, and where would you draw boundaries around its use?

Text field:

Section 6: Ownership, Copyright, and Economic Reality

Goal: These questions explore the complicated territory of intellectual property, copyright, and economic survival for disabled artists. There are no right or wrong answers! I’m interested in the real tensions you navigate as a disabled artist!

Q18. How do you currently make income from your art practice? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedSales of original work
  • uncheckedTickets
  • uncheckedCommissions and Projects
  • uncheckedGrants
  • uncheckedTeaching/workshops
  • uncheckedLicensing/reproduction rights
  • uncheckedI don’t currently make income from my art
  • uncheckedI cannot make income from my art without affecting disability benefits
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Q19. Do you receive disability benefits or income support?

  • uncheckedYes
  • uncheckedNo
  • uncheckedPrefer not to answer

Q20. If you receive disability benefits: How does this affect your ability to make income from your art?

  • uncheckedI have to keep art income below a certain threshold
  • uncheckedI have to be careful about how income is reported
  • uncheckedIt doesn’t affect my art income
  • uncheckedIt’s complicated: [text field]
  • uncheckedNot applicable
  • uncheckedPrefer not to answer

Text field:

Q21. When it comes to AI-generated content and copyright, what’s your perspective? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedAI companies should not be allowed to train on artists’ work without permission/compensation
  • uncheckedArtists should be able to use AI trained on others’ work for their own practice
  • uncheckedIf AI is trained on public content, anyone should be able to use it
  • uncheckedCopyright law needs to be completely rethought for the AI age
  • uncheckedI don’t know enough about this to have an opinion
  • uncheckedMy perspective is complicated: [text field]

Text field:

Q22. Have you ever used someone else’s copyrighted work (images, text, etc.) in your practice without permission?

  • uncheckedYes, and I believe it was fair use/transformative
  • uncheckedYes, because I couldn’t afford to licence it
  • uncheckedYes, because I didn’t know better at the time
  • uncheckedYes, for other reasons: [text field]
  • uncheckedNo, I always get permission or use my own work
  • uncheckedI’m not sure
  • uncheckedPrefer not to answer

Text field:

Q23. Have you ever had your work used without permission or credit?

  • uncheckedYes → How did that feel? [text field]
  • uncheckedNo
  • uncheckedI don’t know/I’m not sure
  • uncheckedPrefer not to answer

Text field:

Q24. Complete this sentence: “When it comes to AI using artists’ work for training, the most important thing is…”

Text field:

Q25. How do you navigate the tension between: – Needing to survive financially – Wanting to be ethical about others’ intellectual property – Living within disability benefit restrictions – The reality that “the system” doesn’t adequately support disabled artists

Text field:

Q26. What are your thoughts on your artwork that does not use AI in a generative capacity being judged (such as for funding, or inclusion in a show) against work that does use AI?

Text field:

Section 7: Looking Forward

Goal: Capture hopes, possibilities, and boundaries

Q27. Are there ways you wish you could use AI tools but currently can’t (because of cost, availability, knowledge, etc.)?

Text field:

Q28. What would need to be true for you to feel better about AI in relation to disability access? (Check all that apply)

  • uncheckedBetter privacy protections and regulation
  • uncheckedMore disabled people involved in AI development
  • uncheckedAI companies being transparent about how tools work
  • uncheckedGuarantee that AI won’t replace funding for human services
  • uncheckedBetter accuracy and quality of AI tools
  • uncheckedMore accessible AI tools themselves
  • uncheckedMore education about AI for disabled people
  • uncheckedMore education about disability for AI developers
  • uncheckedLower costs or free access to AI tools
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Q29. Complete this sentence: “The most important thing for arts organizations to understand about AI and disabled artists is…”

Text field:

Section 8: Trust and Information

Goal: If you were going to prioritize your time, I would leave these questions for last and see if you have energy or just skip ahead to the next section if you’re feeling tired! These questions are written to test the functionality of the survey host and to get a sense of how much you scrutinize your information.

Q30. Who or what do you trust most when you need reliable information? (Rank from 1-most trusted to 5-least trusted, or mark N/A)

(Rank 1-5) AI tools (ChatGPT, Claude, etc.)

(Rank 1-5) Search engines (Google, Bing, etc.)

(Rank 1-5) Friends

(Rank 1-5) Disabled artist with similar barriers, challenges, abilities or arts practice

(Rank 1-5) Published books from established publishers

(Rank 1-5) Academic or peer-reviewed sources

(Rank 1-5) User Forums with Self-Defined Experts (Stack Overflow, Reddit, etc)

(Rank 1-5) Government websites

(Rank 1-5) Disability serving or community organizations (DeafBC, CNIB, Possibilities, etc)

(Rank 1-5) Social media

(Rank 1-5) Wikipedia

Q31. When a friend shares information with you, do you usually trust it even if they don’t cite sources?

  • uncheckedYes, I trust my friends
  • uncheckedIt depends on the topic
  • uncheckedIt depends on the friend
  • uncheckedNo, I prefer to verify information myself
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Q32. Have you ever been fooled or misled by AI-generated content?

  • uncheckedYes, definitely
  • uncheckedMaybe, I’m not sure
  • uncheckedNo, not that I know of
  • uncheckedI don’t encounter AI-generated content
  • uncheckedOther: [text field]

Text field:

Q33. Which would you trust more for learning something new? (Check one per row)

  • A. A published book by an established Canadian publisher
  • B. A self-published book
  • uncheckedOption A
  • uncheckedOption B
  • uncheckedNeither
  • uncheckedBoth equally
  • A. Training from an organization that serves disabled artists
  • B. A workshop by a disabled artist (not affiliated with an org)
  • uncheckedOption A
  • uncheckedOption B
  • uncheckedNeither
  • uncheckedBoth equally
  • A. AI summary of a research article
  • B. Reading the article yourself
  • uncheckedOption A
  • uncheckedOption B
  • uncheckedNeither
  • uncheckedBoth equally
  • A. A headline written by a human journalist
  • B. A headline generated by AI
  • uncheckedOption A
  • uncheckedOption B
  • uncheckedNeither
  • uncheckedBoth equally
  • A. Information from a friend in your community
  • B. Information from a disability serving organization’s website
  • uncheckedOption A
  • uncheckedOption B
  • uncheckedNeither
  • uncheckedBoth equally

Q34. How confident do you feel in your ability to:

a. Identify when content is AI-generated

  • uncheckedVery confident
  • uncheckedSomewhat confident
  • uncheckedNot very confident
  • uncheckedNot at all confident

b. Verify information you find online

  • uncheckedVery confident
  • uncheckedSomewhat confident
  • uncheckedNot very confident
  • uncheckedNot at all confident

c. Spot misinformation or “fake news”

  • uncheckedVery confident
  • uncheckedSomewhat confident
  • uncheckedNot very confident
  • uncheckedNot at all confident

d. Know when to trust a source

  • uncheckedVery confident
  • uncheckedSomewhat confident
  • uncheckedNot very confident
  • uncheckedNot at all confident

e. Understand how AI tools work

  • uncheckedVery confident
  • uncheckedSomewhat confident
  • uncheckedNot very confident
  • uncheckedNot at all confident

Q35. What makes you decide to trust (or not trust) a source of information?

Text field:

Section 9: About You

Goal: Contextualize responses without requiring disclosure

Q36. Would you be willing to have your disability/barriers/access needs associated with your anonymized responses in the final report?

  • uncheckedYes, please include this context
  • uncheckedNo, please keep my responses fully anonymized
  • uncheckedI’d like to discuss this further

Q37. If you answered yes above, how would you describe your disability, identity, barriers or access needs?

Text field:

Q38. Is English an additional language for you?

  • uncheckedYes
  • uncheckedYes, but it is my primary language now
  • uncheckedYes, at home I use another language, outside family or close friends, I mostly use English
  • uncheckedNo. English is my primary language.

Q39. Would you prefer to be anonymized in the final report, or would you like to use your real name with links to your profiles?

  • uncheckedPlease use a pseudonym (anonymous)
  • uncheckedI’m open to using my real name
  • uncheckedI’d like to discuss this further

Q40. What is your comfort with technology?

  • uncheckedI am an expert
  • uncheckedI am proficient
  • uncheckedI have an interest and am curious
  • uncheckedI use it because I have to
  • uncheckedI struggle
  • uncheckedOther:

Q41. What age group are you?

  • uncheckedUnder 25
  • unchecked25-29
  • unchecked30-39
  • unchecked40-49
  • unchecked50-59
  • unchecked60 plus

Q42. Are you interested in a potential follow-up conversation?

  • uncheckedYes, definitely interested
  • uncheckedMaybe, depending on the questions
  • uncheckedNo thank you

Q43. Is there anything else you want to share about AI, accessibility, or your experience as a disabled artist?

Text field:

Q44. Are there any questions I should have asked people in this survey?

Text field: